Wet-felting: raw wool is carded (combed to align fibers), laid into a pattern or stuffed into a mold, then rolled with hot soapy water for 2–6 hours. The agitation causes wool fibers to interlock permanently, no stitching, no glue, no backing fabric. For cat caves and larger objects, the shape is formed around a resist (often a plastic mold) and felted from both sides. When dry, the felt is brushed, trimmed, and sometimes decorated with needle-felted details. Every artisan develops a “hand”, experienced felters can tell a beginner from a master by density alone.